Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

 Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Now that we have defined capacity factor, selectivity, and column efficiency we con- sider their relationship to chromatographic resolution. Since we are only interested in the resolution between solutes eluting with similar retention times, it is safe to as- sume that the peak widths for the two solutes are approximately the same. Equation 12.1, therefore, is written as

                             12.19

Solving equation 12.17 for wB and substituting into equation 12.19 gives

                         12.20

The retention times for solutes A and B are replaced with their respective capacity factors by rearranging equation 12.10


and substituting into equation 12.20.


Finally, solute A’s capacity factor is eliminated using equation 12.11. After rearrang- ing, the equation for the resolution between the chromatographic peaks for solutes A and B is


Besides resolution, another important factor in chromatography is the amount of time required to elute a pair of solutes. The time needed to elute solute B is


Equations 12.21 and 12.22 contain terms corresponding to column efficiency, column selectivity, and capacity factor. These terms can be varied, more or less in- dependently, to obtain the desired resolution and analysis time for a pair of solutes. The first term, which is a function of the number of theoretical plates or the height of a theoretical plate, accounts for the effect of column efficiency. The second term is a function of α and accounts for the influence of column selectivity. Finally, the third term in both equations is a function of kB’, and accounts for the effect of solute B’s capacity factor. Manipulating these parameters to improve resolution is the sub- ject of the remainder of this section.

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